Creating accessible content ensures that all readers, including those with disabilities, can effectively access and engage with it. Use this guide to ensure your PDF files are accessible to all readers.
PDF accessibility guidelines
Tag all document content
When exporting from an authoring tool (e.g., InDesign, Microsoft Word), select "PDF (Interactive)" or an equivalent option to apply proper tagging.
To ensure accessibility for users of assistive technology, verify that the following are appropriately tagged:
- Headings (H1–H6) are used appropriately to create a structured hierarchy.
- Tables, lists, and forms are correctly tagged for navigation and comprehension.
- Images include meaningful alternative text or are marked as decorative if they do not convey important information.
- Links have descriptive text rather than displaying raw URLs.
- Mathematical content is accessible using MathML or has appropriate descriptive text.
Document-level requirements
In addition to tagging and structure, there are several other important features that help make your PDF files more accessible:
- Color contrast: Ensure that the color of text against its background meets WCAG contrast requirements (4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text).
- Bookmarks: Use bookmarks to enable document navigation, and ensure that they match the heading structure.
- Metadata: Make sure the file properties include the document title, language, and author information.
- Language settings: Define the primary language to support screen reader pronunciation.
- Font availability: Embed all fonts where possible to maintain readability across different devices.
Common authoring tools
- Word: Create accessible PDFs - Microsoft Support
- InDesign: Creating accessible PDFs - Adobe InDesign
Testing and validation
After you export your PDF file, validate its accessibility using Adobe Acrobat’s built-in accessibility checker. This tool identifies:
- Missing document titles
- Alternative text for images
- Primary language settings
- Unmarked or improperly tagged content
Manual review steps
- Reading & tag order: Confirm logical reading order via the Tags panel.
- Color contrast validation: Use tools like the Color Contrast Analyzer to check contrast.
- Screen reader testing: Test with NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to ensure there are no inconsistencies and the content is fully accessible.